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Amresh
India is a founder member of the International Labour Organization, which came into existence in 1919. At present the ILO has 175 Members. A unique feature of the ILO is its tripartite character. The membership of the ILO ensures the growth of tripartite system in the Member countries. At
every level in the Organization, Governments are associated with the
two other social partners, namely the workers and employers. All
the three groups are represented on almost all the deliberative organs
of the ILO and share responsibility in conducting its work. The three organs of the ILO are:
- International Labour Conferences: - General Assembly of the ILO – Meets every year in the month of June.
- Governing Body: - Executive Council of the ILO. Meets three times in a year in the months of March, June and November.
- International Labour Office: - A permanent secretariat.
The
work of the Conference and the Governing Body is supplemented by
Regional Conferences, Regional Advisory Committees, Industrial and
Analogous Committees, Committee of Experts, Panels of Consultants,
Special Conference and meetings, etc.
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR CONFERENCE
Except
for the interruption caused by the Second World War, the international
Labour Conference has continued, since its first session in 1919 to meet
at least once a year. The Conference, assisted by the
Governing Body, adopts biennial programme and budget, adopts
International Labour Standards in the form of Conventions and
Recommendations and provides a forum for discussing social economic and
labour related issues. India has regularly and actively participated in the Conference through its tripartite delegations.
The Conference has so far had 4 Indian Presidents viz., Sir. Atul
Chatterjee (1927), Shri Jagjivan Ram, Minister for Labour (1950), Dr.
Nagendra Singh, President, International Court of Justice (1970) and
Shri Ravindra Verma, Minister of Labour and Parliamentary Affairs
(1979). There have also been 8 Indian Vice Presidents of
the International Labour Conference, 2 from the Government group, 3 from
the Employers and 3 from the Workers’ Group. Indians have
chaired the important Committees of the Conferences like Committee on
Application of Standards, Selection Committee and Resolutions Committee.
GOVERNING BODY
The Governing Body of the ILO is the executive wing of the Organization. It is also tripartite in character. Since
1922 Indian has been holding a non-elective seat on the Governing Body
as one of the 10 countries of chief industrial importance. Indian employers and workers’ representatives have been elected as Members of the Governing Body from time to time.
Four Indians have so far been elected Chairman of the Governing Body. They
are Sir Atul Chatterjee (1932-33), Shri Shamal Dharee Lall, Secretary,
Ministry of Labour (1948-49), Shri S.T. Merani, Joint Secretary,
Ministry of Labour (1961-62) and Shri B.G. Deshmukh, Secretary, Ministry
of Labour (1984-85).
The Governing Body of ILO functions through its various Committees. India
is a member of all six committees of the Governing Body viz. (i)
Programme, Planning & Administrative; (ii) Freedom of Association;
(iii) Legal Issues and International Labour Standards; (iv) Employment
& Social Policy; (v) Technical Cooperation and (vi) Sectoral and
Technical Meetings and Related issues.
THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE
The
International Labour Office, Geneva provides the Secretariat for all
Conferences and other meetings and is responsible for the day-to-day
implementation of decisions taken by the Conference, Governing Body etc. Indians have held positions of importance in the International Labour Office. Special mention must be made of Shri S.K. Jain who retired as Deputy Director General of the ILO. Shri Gopinath is currently the Director International Institute of Labour Studies, Geneva.
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